Баскская этимология : Результат запроса

PROTO: *e=gari ~ *e=gar̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 carry, support, endure 2 use, avail oneself of 3 confirm 4 walk

BZK: (arc) {eguarria} 1 ?

BNV: egari 1, (arc) egarri 1

SAL: egari 1

ZBR: egari 1, 2, 3

RNC: egari 1, 2, 4

COMMENTS: This is one of the rare verbs with a variation between /r/ and /r̄/. Michelena (1961: 232 "acaso") was uncertain of the pertinence of archaic BZK {eguarria}.

PROTO: *e=gi-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to do, make

BZK: egin

GIP: egin

ANV: egin

BNV: egin

LAB: egin

ZBR: egin

RNC: egin

COMMENTS: This verb is also extensively used as an auxiliary.

PROTO: *e=go-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 stay, remain, dwell 2 wait 3 be suited, agree 4 to be (animate) 5 to be (= Sp. estar)

BZK: egon 1, 2, 3, 5

GIP: egon 1, 2, 5

ANV: egon 1, 2, 5

BNV: egon 1, 2, 4

LAB: egon 1, 2, 3, 4

ZBR: égon 1, 2, 4

RNC: egon 1, 2, 4

COMMENTS: This verb has many meanings, of which 5 appears to be the most recent and influenced by Sp. estar (Trask 1999: 292 f.).

PROTO: *e=gur̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: firewood, fuel

BZK: egur, eur

GIP: egur

ANV: egur

BNV: egur

LAB: egur

ZBR: égür

RNC: egur

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *gōrV 'pole, piece of log'.

PROTO: *e=her̄i / *aiher̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to find out, notice, guess, divine 2 to announce, communicate 3 propensity, inclination, penchant 4 supposition, assumption, guess 5 rancor, grudge

BZK: igarri 1, iragarri 2

GIP: igarri, igerri 1, aier-kunde 3

ANV: igerri 1

BNV: aiher 3, 5, (Aldude) aiher-kunde 5

LAB: aiher 3, 5

BZT: aier 3, aier-kunde 5

ZBR: áiher 3, 4, 5

COMMENTS: The form igerri is not found in Azkue, but is cited by Michelena (1961: 69), who also connected the western verb igerri, igarri with the noun *aiher̄. There is a wide semantic range that can be distilled as 'guess, suppose' > 'supposition (of wrongdoing)' > 'grudge', etc.

PROTO: *e=hu-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to weave 2 cloth 3 weaving (craft) 4 to braid

BZK: eio 4, eun 1, 2, 3

GIP: eo 1, eun 2

ANV: eo 1

BNV: eho 1, ehun 2

LAB: eho 1, ehun 2, (arc) ehein 1

ZBR: eho 1, éhün 1, 2, 3

RNC: eo 1

COMMENTS: *e=hu-n seems to be the oldest form (cf. PEC *=irχ_wVn), generally changed to e(h)o, possibly influenced by *eiho 'to grind' (q.v.).

PROTO: *e=isa-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to be

BZK: izan, ixan, (arc) izen

GIP: izan

ANV: izan

BNV: izan

LAB: izan

ZBR: ízan

RNC: izan

PROTO: *e=ka-n / *e=ko

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: ascend, go up, climb

BZK: igo, igon, igan, iyo

GIP: igo, iyo

ANV: igan, (Ulzama) ien

BNV: ikhan

SAL: igan

LAB: ikhan, (arc) ikan

ZBR: igáñ

RNC: igan

COMMENTS: Michelena (1961: 231-2) remarked on several verbs, including this one, in which voiced and voiceless consonants historically vary (here: /k/ vs. /g/). He thought these were traces of an ancient alternation, now leveled in most modern forms. Could this reflect old accentual patterns (cf. Verner’s Law)? The alternation of Bsq *-rd- / *-rt- < PSC lateral affricates (see Bsq *urde ‘pig’ / *urte ‘year’) was apparently conditioned by PSC accent.

PROTO: *e=kar̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 bring 2 bear fruit, produce; fruit 3 be resolved, decided 4 to allege 5 to give

BZK: ekarri 1, 2, 5

GIP: ekarri 1, 5

ANV: ekarri 1, 4, (Ulzama) karri 1

BNV: ekharri 1

LAB: ekharri 1

BZT: karri 1

ZBR: ekharri 1, 3

RNC: ekarri 1

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *=Hīq_V(r) 'to pull, take out; to drag, carry'.

PROTO: *e=ken-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 take away, remove 2 remove oneself, leave 3 require, charge (a price)

BZK: ken-du 1, 2, 3

GIP: ken-du 1, 2, 3

ANV: ken-du, (Ulzama) eken-du 1, 2, (Berrueta) gen-du 1, 2

BNV: khen-du 1, 2

SAL: gen-du 1, 2

LAB: ken-du 1, 2

BZT: eken-du 1, 2

AZK: eken-du 1, 2

ZBR: khén-tü 1, 2

RNC: gén-tu 1, 2

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *HVq_Vn- 'to take, snatch'.

PROTO: *e=ku-śi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to see

BZK: ikusi, ekusi, ekosi, ukusi

GIP: ikusi, ekusi

ANV: ikusi

BNV: ik(h)usi, (Baigorri) khusi, (Aldude) kusi, (arc) inkusi

LAB: ikhusi

BZT: kusi

ZBR: ikhúsi

RNC: ekusi

PROTO: *e=kusi

MEANING: to wash

BZK: ikuzi, (Orozko) ukuzi

GIP: ikuzi

ANV: ikuzi

BNV: ikhuzi

LAB: ikuzi

ZBR: ikhüzi, (Gèze) ükhüzi

RNC: ekuzi, ekuz

COMMENTS: Compared by H. Berger (1959) with Burushaski *ɣurc- 'to sink (in water, earth), dive, immerse.'

PROTO: *e=ɫhe

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 word, speech 2 bit of news, gossip, anecdote 3 dispute, quarrel

GIP: ele 3

ANV: ele 1

BNV: elhe 1

LAB: elhe 1

BZT: ele 1, 2

ZBR: élhe 1

RNC: ele 1

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *lĕHwV 'word'.

PROTO: *e=ɫhor̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 thorn 2 spine (of chestnut) 3 hawthorn 4 hawthorn-place (place name)

BZK: elorri 3

GIP: elorri 3

ANV: elorri 3

BNV: elhorri 3

SAL: illurri-tze 3

LAB: elhorri 3

BZT: Elgorri-aga 4

ZBR: elhórri 1, 2

RNC: illurri 3

COMMENTS: For NC ‘arrow' ~ Bsq 'thorn’ cf. Czech šíp ‘arrow’, šipek ‘dog-rose, hawthorn’, Rus. šip ‘thorn, prickle’; Telugu mulu, mullu ‘thorn, prick(le)’, etc.; muliki ‘arrow, arrowhead’, etc.

PROTO: *e=ɫhu-r̄

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: snow

ARB: erur

BZK: erur, edur, eur

GIP: elur

ANV: elur

BNV: elhur

SAL: elur

LAB: elhur

BZT: elur

AZK: elur

ZBR: élhür

RNC: elur

COMMENTS: *-r̄ is the frequent fossilized plural or collective marker. BNV also has elhauso 'avalanche' < *eɫh(u-) + *Hauśo, (q.v., and e=auśi 'to fall'), shortened in ANV, BZT, SAL to lauso; also a full form in ZBR (arc) elhurauso.

PROTO: *e=man

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to give

BZK: emon, (Oñate) emun, (Bermeo) omon

GIP: eman

ANV: eman

BNV: eman, emon

SAL: emon

LAB: eman

BZT: eman

AZK: eman

ZBR: ẽ́mãn

RNC: emon

COMMENTS: Cf. PY *pVn- 'to give'. PY *p can come from PSC *p, *b, or *m: in this case probably *m; cf. PY *pan- 'to sit' in relation to Bsq *e=men̄i 'to put'.

PROTO: *e=meni

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to put, place, set

ARB: ifini

BZK: imiñi, ipiñi, (arc) imeni, (arc) ifini, (arc) ibini

GIP: ipini, ipiñi, (arc) ifeñi

ANV: ipiñi, ipeiñi, ifiñi

BNV: imiñi

SAL: imiñi

LAB: (arc) ibeni, (arc) ifeini

COMMENTS: It is difficult to know which form is original, after various assimilations or dissimilations. External comparison supports *e=meni = BZK-arc imeni. In the North (BZT, ZBR, RNC) this verb is obsolete and has been supplanted by *e=sari (q.v.).

PROTO: *e=ncu-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to hear 2 to smell (perceive odors) 3 famous, renowned 4 competent

BZK: entzun 1, 2, 3

GIP: entzun 1

ANV: entzun 1

BNV: entzun 1, 2 (Baigorri)

LAB: entzun 1

ZBR: é̃ntzün 1, 4

RNC: entzun 1

COMMENTS: ̃

PROTO: *e=o

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to hit, strike, beat

BZK: jo

GIP: jo

ANV: jo

BNV: jo

SAL: xo

LAB: jo

ZBR: jo

RNC: xo

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *=HiʁwE(r) 'to beat'.

PROTO: *e=oHa-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to go

BZK: joan, juan, fuan, fan

GIP: joan, fan

ANV: joan, goan, gan

BNV: juan

SAL: fan

LAB: goan, gan

BZT: gan

AZK: fan

ZBR: joan, juan, jun [žũn]

RNC: [xwan], fan, [šwan]

COMMENTS: There are many localized developments of joan > [xwan] > [fan], etc. See Michelena (1961: 173). As pointed out by Jacobsen (1995) some northern dialects have forms with -h-: noha 'I am going', etc. Comparison with PNC *=iχ_wV 'to go, come, enter' is also possible.